Ultra-Processed Foods Information Sheet | Yale School of Public Health

How do ultra-processed foods impact your health?

Multiple studies have linked a diet with higher amounts of ultra-processed food with obesity, cancer, heart disease, type 2 diabetes, and mental disorders, as well as an increased risk of death. The causes of specific health effects are still being studied, but could occur because ultra-processed foods often have high amounts of added sugar, sodium, and saturated fat, and low amounts of fiber, vitamins, and minerals.

Are all processed foods unhealthy?

No. Some foods that are processed, but not ultra-processed, like dried fruit and cut and bagged vegetables, are healthy because they provide a lot of nutrition without extra sugar, salt, or other preservatives. Nutrients added to foods can help give extra nutrition and improve health. For example, vitamin D is added to milk to aid calcium absorption, making bones stronger. Some ultra-processed foods, such as whole-grain breads and yogurts, are associated with reduced risks of chronic diseases, including colorectal cancer. Researchers and advocates should be aware that better classifications are needed.

Are ultra-processed foods addictive?

From the limited research on this topic, ultra-processed foods do not seem to be addictive in the same way many drugs are. The research does suggest the high energy density and tastiness of these foods reward our brains in a way that may contribute to overconsumption. The reasons why many people overeat such foods are likely complex.